Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 17 de 17
Filter
1.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(1): 7-18, Mar. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743755

ABSTRACT

Several functional and morphological studies have been conducted on the pineal gland in many mammalian species; however, no published reports are available on the role of pineal gland on the gonadal development before and after eyelids separation in puppies. Therefore, this study aimed to trace the postnatal histo-morphological changes in the pineal gland and gonads of puppies before (2, 10 and 11 days old) and after (25, 35 and 40 days old) eyelids separation in an attempt to investigate the possible role of pineal gland on the gonadal development. In general, the differentiation of pineal cells, interstitial endocrine cells of testes and stromal ovarian cells coincides with the start of eyelids separation in puppies. Histological examination of stained pineal and gonadal slices of puppies after eyelids separation revealed a remarkable differentiation of pinealocytes and testicular interstitial endocrine cells, as well as presence of some evidence of folliculogenesis in ovary. Surprisingly, melatonin receptor (MT1) protein expression levels were significantly increased in the ovaries and testes of puppies after eyelids separation. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of AANAT, a rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, was notably increased in the pineal gland of opened eyes puppies. Our results suggest an increase of melatonin production from the pineal gland of opened eyes puppies and this could play a vital role in the developmental changes observed in the gonads of these puppies.


Diversos estudios morfológicos y funcionales han sido realizados sobre la glándula pineal en distintas especies de mamíferos. Sin embargo, no hay informes publicados acerca del rol de la glándula pineal en el desarrollo gonadal antes y después de la separación de los párpados en cachorros. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo trazar los cambios histo-morfológicos postnatales en la glándula pineal y las gónadas de los cachorros antes (2, 10 y 11 días de edad) y después (25, 35 y 40 días de edad) de la separación de los párpados, en un intento por investigar el posible rol de la glándula pineal en el desarrollo gonadal. En general, la diferenciación de los pinealocitos, células intersticiales endocrinas de los testículos y las células estromales del ovario coincide con el inicio de la separación de los párpados en cachorros. El examen histológico de glándula pineal y los cortes gonadales de los cachorros, después de la separación de los párpados, reveló una notable diferenciación de los pinealocitos y las células intersticiales endocrinas testiculares, así como la posible evidencia de foliculogénesis en el ovario. Sorprendentemente, en el receptor de melatonina (MT1) los niveles de expresión de proteínas fueron significativamente superiores en los ovarios y los testículos de los cachorros después de la separación de los párpados. Además, el ARNm y la expresión de la proteína AANAT, una enzima limitante de la velocidad en la biosíntesis de la melatonina, aumentaron notablemente en la glándula pineal de los cachorros con los ojos abiertos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existe un aumento de la producción de melatonina por parte de la glándula pineal en los cachorros con los ojos abiertos, lo que podría jugar un rol vital en los cambios evolutivos observados enlas gónadas de estos cachorros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Eyelids/surgery , Gonads/growth & development , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/physiology , Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics , Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase/physiology , Blotting, Western , Gonads/anatomy & histology , Melatonin/physiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcription
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(2): 515-521, jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714302

ABSTRACT

La glándula pineal es una pequeña estructura ubicada en el techo del diencéfalo, su principal función es la de regular los ritmos circadianos, tales como sueño-vigilia, secretar melatonina, hormona con fuerte efecto sobre la acción gonadal, además de oncostática, geroprotectora y antioxidante. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo conocer los aspectos morfológicos de la glándula pineal, desde su desarrollo a nivel embriológico como su descripción anatómica e histológica con el fin de comprender su función desde un punto de vista integral.


Pineal gland is a small structure located on the roof of the diencephalon, and its principal function is to play an important role in circadian rhythm regulation, such as sleep/wake, besides secreting melatonin, a hormone with a strong effect on gonadal action, and playing oncostatic, geroprotector and antioxidant roles. This review aims to know the morphological aspects of the pineal gland, from its embryological development, its anatomic and histological description, in order to understand its function from an integral view.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/embryology
3.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 28(3): 157-160, July-Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644138

ABSTRACT

The pineal gland or pineal body is an endocrine gland that constitutes an important part of the neuroendocrine system, due to the secretion of melatonin, a hormone responsible for the seasonal organization of several physiologic and behavioral events of an individual’s life. Experimental researches using animals such as rats, mice and rabbits are often found in the extensive specific literature but aspects related to the morphology of mice’s pineal gland are few. Concerning its small size, the present paper performed a microscopic analysis of serial median sagittal sections of the pineal gland of 13 (thirteen) Swiss mice. The pineal gland of Swissmice was found to be in the median plane below the splenium of the corpus callosus, superior and dorsal to the habenular commissure, and rostral to the rostral colliculi. The pineal gland is closely related to the third ventricle and presents itself with a characteristic tonsillar shape with a stalk. Two types of different cells were identified in the gland, that is, astrocytes and pinealocytes, spreading randomly all over the glandular tissue. Calcifications of the pineal gland were not found in any of the observed animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Endocrine Glands , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/physiology , Endocrine Glands/physiology , Neurosecretory Systems/anatomy & histology , Microscopy
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(3): 665-668, Sept. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-556729

ABSTRACT

Melatonin secretion from mammalian pineal glands is regulated by light stimulation by means of a complex neuroanatomical pathway that includes the retina, hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracic spinal cord, and finally, the superior cervical ganglia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in the pinealocytes and the blood vessel density of the pineal gland after eliminating photic stimulation in rats. Thirteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, Group I acted as control, and Group II was subjected to a retinal lesion, by means of alcohol injected bilaterally to both ocular bulbs. After 3 weeks, the glands of both groups were processed with hematoxilin-eosin (HE) and observed with an optic microscope. Group II results presented higher values in the number of pinealocytes and in the blood vessels observed. The differences with Group I was significant at p <0.01. These results give an indirect evidence of the effect that photic stimulation suppression has in the pineal gland in rats.


La secreción de melatonina por parte de glándula pineal de los mamíferos es regulada por la estimulación luminosa mediante complejas vías neuro anatómicas que incluyen la retina, el núcleo supraquiasmático hipotalámico, el núcleo intermediolateral de la médula torácica y finalmente el ganglio cervical superior. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los cambios en la densidad de pinealocitos y vasos sanguíneos de la glándula pineal, luego de eliminar la estimulación fótica en ratas. Se utilizaron 13 ratas adultas Sprague Dawley divididas en 2 grupos, Grupo I actuó como control, y el Grupo II fue sometido a una lesión retiniana, por medio de alcoholización bilateral de ambos bulbos oculares. Luego de tres semanas las glándulas de ambos grupos fueron procesadas para hematoxilina-eosina y observadas al microscopio óptico. El grupo II presentó valores mayores en el número de pinealocitos y de vasos sanguíneos observados, las diferencias con el Grupo I fueron significativas con p<0.01. Estos resultados entregan una evidencia indirecta del efecto que la supresión de la estimulación fótica tiene en la glándula pineal en ratas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Rats , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/metabolism , Pineal Gland , Rats, Sprague-Dawley/anatomy & histology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley/metabolism , Superior Cervical Ganglion/metabolism , Superior Cervical Ganglion , Lighting/methods , Melatonin/metabolism , Melatonin , Retina
5.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 44(3): 222-228, 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-490920

ABSTRACT

A glândula pineal deve ser analisada e estudada em animais da fauna brasileira, para que dados da pesquisa básica possam ser aplicados em novas técnicas de manejo reprodutivo destes animais, inclusive em cativeiro, face à íntima relação deste órgão fotorreceptor com o ciclo reprodutivo. Para este estudo, foram utilizados 10 gambás (Didelphis sp), provenientes do Departamento de Anatomia da USP e da UNIFEOB, já mortos e fixados. Nenhum animal foi submetido a situações de dor/sofrimento e ao sacrifício de sua vida. A glândula pineal foi encontrada em todos animais estudados e apresentou-se com diminutas dimensões, não sendo possível, portanto descrever-lhe características macroscópicas. Através da análise microscópica pudemos localizar a glândula no espaço correspondente ao plano mediano, em relação ao encéfalo, rostral e dorsalmente aos colículos rostrais, ventralmente aos hemisférios cerebrais e caudalmente à comissura habenular. Consiste de uma evaginação do teto do diencéfalo e mostra-se em forma de “U” invertido. Comparativamente a características de glândulas pineais de outras espécies animais, a do Didelphis genus, que estudamos, revela peculiaridades tanto em relação ao seu tamanho, apenas perceptível microscopicamente, quanto ao fato de apresentar células semelhantes às secretoras, dispersas também em áreas vizinhas. Tais peculiaridades motivam reflexões sobre o papel funcional da glândula, na espécie considerada.


The pineal gland must to be analyzed and studied in animals of the Brazilian fauna, to apply the data obtained in the basic research of new techniques at reproductive handling of these animals, including in captivity, in view of the close relation between this photoreceptor organ with the circadian and reproductive cycle. For this study, 10 opossums (Didelphis sp), had been used, already died and fixed, proceeding from the Department of Anatomy of USP and UNIFEOB. None animals were submitted to pain/suffering situations and their no life sacrifice. The pineal gland was found in all studied animals with and smaller dimention, not possessing, therefore goss features. By microscopy analysis we could found the gland in the correspondent space to median plan in relation to the encephalon, rostral and dorsally to the rostral coliculli, ventrally to the brain hemispheres and caudally to the habenular comissure. That consistes like an evagination of the diencephalons tectum showing the “U” shape. Considering other pineal glands and its features in different species, we note the gland is extremely small for it specie, possessing dispersed secretory cells in the nervous parenchyma whose form, sufficiently irregular, suggests a small hormonal performance to them in the Didelphis genus. Comparativelly of the pineal gland feactures in different animals, the Didelphis genus, that was our aim, shows pecualirity as in size relation, only microscopically visible, than the fact to prossessing similar secretory cells also dispased in neighbor areas. All pecualiarites suggest refletion about the function action of the gland at the studied specie.


Subject(s)
Animals , Didelphis/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/ultrastructure
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(1): 136-138, mar. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-425289

ABSTRACT

Grandes lesões que ocupam bilateralmente o espaço incisural posterior são de difícil abordagem cirúrgica pelos acessos clássicos. Recentemente, Kawashima et al. descreveram, em peças anatômicas, uma modificação do acesso occipital transtentorial, o acesso occipital bitranstentorial-falcino, para abordagem de grandes lesões que ocupam bilateralmente o espaço incisural posterior. Retata-se um caso de grande meningioma falco-tentorial que ocupava o espaço incisural posterior bilateralmente. O acesso occipital bitranstentorial-falcino permitiu exérese completa da lesão sem déficit no pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Meningioma/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Occipital Bone/surgery , Pineal Gland/surgery , Cerebral Veins/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Occipital Bone/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 56(2): 237-44, jun. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-212816

ABSTRACT

Realiza-se um estudo por ressonância magnética da pineal normal e dos cistos simples da pineal e estabelece-se um protocolo para estudo da regiao pineal analisando-se 762 exames. A utilizaçao da técnica com cortes finos (3 milímetros no máximo) identifica a pineal normal na maioria das vezes (84,4 por cento) e demonstra que a pineal normal, sem cistos, apresenta sinal isointenso em TI e T2 com realce após a injeçao de gadolínio, medindo em média 6,1 milímetros no seu maior diâmetro. Os cistos simples da pineal aparecem com frequência de 2,6 por cento em relaçao a toda a série (762 casos) elevando-se essa frequência para 6,1 por cento se forem consideradas somente as pineais visibilizadas (329 casos). Os cistos simples nao se correlcionam nem com a idade nem com o sexo e os cistos sintomáticos sao raros. Os critérios para diagnóstico diferencial dos cistos simples versus tumores da regiao da pineal sao: dimensoes menores ou iguais a 20 milímetros; espessura da parede abaixo de 2 milímetros; ausência de efeito expansivo; sinal igual ao líquido cefalorraquidiano e ausência de crescimento dos cistos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/pathology , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 34(1): 191-5, 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-224118

ABSTRACT

A glândula pineal foi estudada macro e microscopicamente em 19 capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris) jovens e adultas, fêmeas e machos. A pineal, presente em todos os espécimes, estava localizada entre o cérebro e o cerebelo, e era formada por uma base com dois pedúnculos, uma haste e um ápice. A glândula localizava-se no teto do III ventrículo, próximo ao colículo rostral, mostrando-se esbranquiçada ou acastanhada. O ápice continha uma cavidade. O comprimento médio da glândula na base foi de 1,3 mm; 1,2 mm; 2,0 mm na sua haste e ápice respectivamente. Revestida por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo contendo, pelo menos em parte do seu contorno, vasos sangüíneos, o parênquima pineal mostrou pinealócitos com grânulos nucleares e células intersticiais


Subject(s)
Animals , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Rodentia/anatomy & histology
10.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1995 Sep; 33(9): 625-40
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60486

ABSTRACT

The article reviews the work carried out on pineal structure and function in vertebrates. The pineal has undergone striking changes in structure during the course of evolution from lamprey to mammals. In the primitive vertebrates, structure of the pineal is very much similar to that of the retina of the eyes and it acts as a direct photosensory organ. It acts as a photosensory and secretory organ in a number of species. Interestingly, the pineal complex among the reptiles presents the full spectrum of its morphological possibilities. There is a gradual regression of light sensitive pineal structure during the course of avian line of evolution. Further, it has been unequivocally accepted that mammalian pineal is an endocrine organ. The pineal is a prominent secretory organ, in mammals, which synthesises and secretes a number of exocrine and endocrine substances, such as indoles, peptides, various enzymes, amino acids and their derivatives, lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic constituents. Pineal plays an important role in regulation of seasonal breeding in various vertebrate species. It is also considered as one of the most important components of the vertebrate circadian system and is a principal source of rhythmically produced melatonin. Apart from the above mentioned functions, pineal also influences thermoregulation, electrolyte metabolism, intermediary metabolism, hemopoiesis, immune system and behaviour.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biological Evolution , Humans , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Vertebrates/anatomy & histology
12.
Rev. chil. anat ; 13(1): 17-23, 1995. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-174978

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio sobre aspectos biológicos de la cutia dorada o áureo cutia (dasyprocta aguti), un roedor silvestre brasileño de hábitos nocturnos. Se estudió macroscópicamente, la glándula pineal de 30 ejemplares de cutia, adultos y de ambos sexos. La glándula fue medida, fotografiada y seccionada. Las características morfológicas registradas de la glándula pineal fueron: forma alargada, color gris o marrón, presentando como dimensiones promedio, 10mm de largo, 1,0mm de ancho a nivel de la base, 0,8mm de nacho a nivel del tallo (típicamente sólido, sin lumen) y 1,5mm de ancho en el país. La glándula pineal de la cutia corresponde al tipo ABC en la clasificación de Vollrath


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Male , Female , Adult , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Rodentia/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Histological Techniques , Microscopy, Electron , Rodentia/classification
13.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1992 Apr; 30(4): 264-70
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-59608

ABSTRACT

F. pennanti presented a clear biphasic pineal mediated seasonal sexual cycle. This sexual cycle was essentially characterised by a very short period of sexual quiescence with an arrest of spermatogenesis during October-November. A small but clear decrease in sexual activity was also observed during March-April. This decrease in sexual activity, however, had no quantifiable effect on spermatogenesis. Sexual recrudescence was observed from December-January. The testes remained sexually active from January till September. Almost an inverse relationship was observed between pineal and testicular weight. Pinealectomy, however, prevented naturally induced gonadal regression during both the periods, i.e. September-November and February-April. Exposure of animals to high RH (80 +/- 4%) during sexually active phase induced a steep regression in testicular weight of sham-operated animals even in the presence of gonad stimulatory long photoperiod (16L:8D) and high temperature (40 degrees +/- 5 degrees C) while exposure of animals to moderate RH (65 +/- 5%) during sexual regression phase partially prevented testicular regression even in presence of inhibitory short photoperiod (11L:13D) and normal environmental temperature (30 degrees +/- 5 degrees C). Pinealectomized animals, neither exhibited testicular regression in February-March nor had involuted testes in September-October, thus, suggesting that the effect of humidity is mediated via the pineal gland.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humidity , Male , Organ Size , Periodicity , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Reproduction/physiology , Sciuridae/physiology , Seminiferous Tubules/physiology , Testis/anatomy & histology
14.
Rev. bras. biol ; 51(1): 215-9, fev. 1991. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-113699

ABSTRACT

O órgäo pineal do rato-espinho está situado profundamente próximo ao terceiro ventrículo. Possui um padräo de organizaçäo compacto, com pinealócitos e astrócitos formando cordöes ou rosetas. Numerosas concreçöes hematoxilina alúmen-crômica positivas estäo presentes no tecido adjacente à pineal e às veias que drenam este órgäo. Neste trabalho é discutida a provável origem destas concreçöes


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Muridae/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology
15.
Med. UIS ; 3(1): 18-23, mar. 1989. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232379

ABSTRACT

La glándula Pineal es un transductor neuroendocrino que forma parte de la sincronización de múltiples ritmos biológicos endocrinos a través de mecanismos aún no bien comprendidos y sobre los que influyen factores como el estímulo lumínico y la relación luz-oscuridad. Sus factores biologicamente activos corresponden a tres familias hormonales: los indoles, los péptidos de bajo peso molecular y las proteínas. En este artículo se presenta de manera general los conceptos conocidos sobre la glándula Pineal(AU)/


Subject(s)
Humans , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/chemistry , Pineal Gland/physiology , Pineal Gland/physiopathology , Pineal Gland/ultrastructure , Neurosecretory Systems/physiology , Neurosecretory Systems/physiopathology
16.
Salud UNINORTE ; 4/5(2): 105-10, ago. 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-84350

ABSTRACT

Se hace un analisis de la permeabilidad de las porciones superficial y profunda de la glandula pineal, utilizando peroxidasa de rabano (H.R.P.) a traves del cuarto ventriculo, con tiempos de circulacion del trazador de 2, 3, 5, 7 y 10 minutos; cumplido este periodo, fueron sacrificados y perfundidos para, finalmente, revelar la presencia de peroxidasa usando una mezcla de diamino bencidina y peroxido de hidrogeno. Se encontro un comportamiento de permeabilidad diferente entre las porciones superficial y profunda. La porcion profunda mostro una mayor y mas rapida captacion que la porcion superficial; otras estructuras vecinas como el organo subcomisural y nucleo habenulas medial presentaron un comportamiento similar a la porcion profunda. Se plantea la posibilidad de que sustancias presentes en el liquido cefalorraquideo (LCR) puedan interaccionar con el tejido glandular y viceversa, lo cual seria de gran importancia en el manejo de senales en el L.C.R


Subject(s)
Cricetinae , Animals , Peroxidases , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Pineal Gland/enzymology
17.
s.l; s.n; s.f. 46 p. ilus.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-192578

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron desde el punto de vista microanatómico 20 piezas cerebrales, estudiando la región pineal y sus relaciones anatómicas. se comparan los resultados microanatámicos (medidas) con estudios neuroradiológicos (RMN), haciendo una correlación directa entre ambos, buscando una mayor familiaridad con la zona desde el punto de vista anatómico, radiológico y quirúrgico, con el fin de poder apreciar más adecuadamente las perspectivas de los principales abordajes que se han propuesto para la región pineal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pineal Gland , Pineal Gland/anatomy & histology , Pineal Gland/surgery , Neuroanatomy , Neurosurgery
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL